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Lock & Dam No. 19

Lock & Dam No. 19 – Keokuk’s Engineering Marvel

Harnessing the Power of the Mississippi

Lock & Dam No. 19 stands as one of the most remarkable engineering achievements on the Mississippi River. Located in Keokuk, Iowa, this massive structure has played a crucial role in river navigation, hydroelectric power generation, and regional economic development for over a century. As one of the largest and most historically significant locks and dams on the river, it continues to capture the fascination of engineers, historians, and visitors alike.

The History of Lock & Dam No. 19

The origins of Lock & Dam No. 19 date back to the early 20th century when river navigation and hydroelectric power became increasingly important.

  • Navigation Challenges: Before the dam’s construction, the Des Moines Rapids—a nine-mile stretch of shallow, turbulent water—made river travel dangerous and unpredictable, often forcing steamboats to unload cargo and passengers in Keokuk before attempting passage.
  • Construction Begins: In 1910, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers partnered with the Mississippi River Power Company to build the largest hydroelectric power dam in the world at the time.
  • Completion & First Operation: The dam was completed in 1913, standing as a revolutionary feat of engineering, taming the rapids and transforming river commerce.
  • Navigation Lock Expansion: The original lock system was only 110 feet wide, which was suitable for early 20th-century river traffic. In 1957, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers completed a new 1,200-foot lock, vastly improving barge traffic efficiency.

Today, Lock & Dam No. 19 remains an essential part of river navigation, safely moving commercial barges and recreational boats through this section of the Mississippi.

Engineering Marvel & Hydro Power

At its completion, Lock & Dam No. 19 was the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world and remains one of the most impressive hydroelectric stations on the Mississippi River.

Key Engineering Features:

  • The dam spans 4,620 feet across the Mississippi River, holding back the river’s flow to create a controlled navigation channel.
  • The 1,200-foot navigation lock allows massive barges to move safely up and down the river, using a 38-foot vertical lift, one of the highest on the entire Mississippi.
  • 15 hydroelectric turbines generate power, originally providing electricity for St. Louis and surrounding communities. Today, the dam still produces energy, contributing to regional power grids.

The Impact of Lock & Dam No. 19

Lock & Dam No. 19 has had an immense impact on commerce, energy production, and environmental changes in the region.

  • Boosting Trade & Industry: The dam opened the Mississippi River for consistent barge transportation, allowing the easy movement of goods like grain, coal, and raw materials.
  • Economic Growth: Keokuk became a key hub for river-related industries, benefiting from increased commerce and hydroelectric power.
  • Environmental Changes: The dam raised the river’s water level significantly, submerging the old Des Moines Rapids and creating a deeper, navigable waterway.

Visiting Lock & Dam No. 19

Lock & Dam No. 19 isn’t just an engineering wonder—it’s also an exciting place to visit for anyone interested in history, nature, and river commerce.

What to See & Do:

  • Watch Barges Move Through the Lock: Visitors can see massive towboats and barges navigate the lock system, lifting or lowering by 38 feet in just minutes.
  • Learn About Hydroelectric Power: The adjacent Keokuk Hydroelectric Plant still operates today and offers an example of early 20th-century hydroelectric innovation.
  • Bald Eagle Watching: In winter, the dam’s open waters attract hundreds of bald eagles, making it a top destination for eagle spotting.
  • Photograph the Scenic Views: The sheer scale of Lock & Dam No. 19, combined with its location on the Mississippi River, provides stunning photo opportunities.

Why Lock & Dam No. 19 is Special

  • Record-Breaking: At the time of its completion, it was the largest hydroelectric power station in the world.
  • Historical Significance: It solved one of the greatest navigational challenges on the Mississippi River.
  • Ongoing Importance: Today, it remains a vital link in river navigation and a significant source of renewable energy.
  • Natural Beauty: The area surrounding the dam is a prime location for birdwatching, particularly for bald eagles.

Plan Your Visit

Location: Near Victory Park, Keokuk, Iowa 52632

Best Times to Visit:

  • Spring & Summer: Ideal for watching river traffic and exploring nearby parks.
  • Fall: Offers beautiful river views with autumn foliage.
  • Winter: Prime season for bald eagle watching near the dam.

Admission:

  • Free public viewing areas are available.
  • Guided tours may be available during special events.

Parking & Accessibility:

  • Parking is available near the dam.
  • Viewing platforms and information kiosks are accessible to visitors.

A Must-See Landmark in Keokuk

Lock & Dam No. 19 is more than just a dam—it’s a testament to human ingenuity, a gateway to river navigation, and a crucial part of Keokuk’s identity. Whether you’re interested in history, fascinated by engineering, or simply enjoy watching the river’s constant flow of activity, this iconic structure is well worth a visit. Plan your trip today and experience one of Keokuk’s most remarkable landmarks!